Nanak, Guru

Nanak, Guru
(1469-1538)
   The first guru of the Sikhs, he was born at Talwandi (District Gurdaspur Gujranwala, Pakistan) into a family of Bedi Khatris in 1469. As a young man, Nanak learned Hindi, Sanskrit, and Persian. He was employed in the establishment of a Lodi noble un-til 1499. At 30, he renounced home, gave up his job, and commenced wandering in the company of the Muslim minstrel Mardana, interact-ing with the holy men of different faiths. After 40 years of his mission, Nanak passed away in 1538. His teachings, preserved in Guru Granth Sahib (Compositions of Gurus), project the concept of one God who is formless (nirankar), light (niranjan), and a true teacher (satguru). He attacked with vehemence what he regarded as superstitious and formal in Islam and Hinduism. Nanak denounced image worship, rejected caste distinctions, and advocated a middle path between extreme as-ceticism and heedless satisfaction of the senses.

Historical dictionary of Medieval India. . 2011.

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